RK3188-SOM
Contents
Overview
This one is little beast comparing to A20 it have 4x Cortex-A9 vs 2x Cortex-A7 and runs on 1.6GHz vs. 1GHz so RK3188 makes total 16000 DMPIS vs. 3800 DMIPS for A20 (4.2 times faster) and vs. 965 DMIPS for RaspberryPi (16.6 times faster).
On the SOM there is:
- RK3188 running at 1.6Ghz
- 1GB DDR3 memory
- Power Managment Unit IC
- Optional 4GB NAND Flash
- Micro SD-card to boot Llinux or Android
- Three buttons
- Four status LEDs (one for power and three programmable)
- Debug UART console
- Five GPIO connectors 2×20 pins 0.05″ step
Linux
Building kernel
- Prepare the toolchain:
apt-get update apt-get install gcc-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabihf ncurses-dev uboot-mkimage build-essential git
- Get the sources:
git clone -b olimex/stable-3.0 https://github.com/SelfDestroyer/RK3188-SOM.git
- Get default configuration:
cd RK3188-SOM/ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- olimex_rk3188_defconfig
- You can modify defconfig:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
Note! The default config will set hdmi to 1080p. You can change it from:
Device Drivers ---> Graphics support ---> <*> Frame buffer support for Rockchip ---> LCD Panel Select ---> Choose one of the following: HDMI framebuffer size and timing is 1080p <--- Set HDMI to 1080p HDMI framebuffer size and timing is 720p <--- Set HDMI to 720p HDMI framebuffer size and timing is 480p <--- Set HDMI to 480p RGB AT070TN90 <--- LCD-OLinuXino-7 RGB AR010H05N <--- LCD-OLinuXino-10 RGB BT043DCNNHHP <--- LCD-OLinuXino-4.3TS
- Build the kernel:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j4 kernel.img
After build is finish you will have RK3188-SOM/kernel.img and RK3188-SOM/arch/arm/boot/Image. The first one can be uploaded to the kernel partition (if you have one). The second file is raw binary. It can be combined with ramdisk to get boot.img.
- Generate ramdisk
cd ../ git clone https://github.com/radxa/initrd.git cd initrd/ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j4 cd ../
- Make mkbootimg
git clone https://github.com/neo-technologies/rockchip-mkbootimg.git cd rockchip-mkbootimg make make install cd ../
- Make boot.img
mkbootimg --kernel RK3188-SOM/arch/arm/boot/Image --ramdisk initrd.img -o boot.img
Creating root filesystem
Debian Wheezy
In this post we will explain how you can create your own Debian rootfs with pre-installed packages of your choice, which to allow tiny Linux images to be created. All steps below should work on any Debian host (Debian/Ubuntu etc) and are verified with Ubuntu 12.04LTS. First of all you need to install the support packages on your pc:
- Install needed packages:
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support
- Define some variables:
targetdir=rootfs distro=wheezy
- Build first stage:
mkdir $targetdir sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir
- Copy needed files from host to the target:
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/ sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
If everything is right we now have a minimal Debian Rootfs.
- Login into the new filesystem:
sudo chroot $targetdir
- Inside the chroot we need to set up the environment again
distro=wheezy export LANG=C
- Now we are setup the second stage of debootstrap needs to run install the packages downloaded earlier
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
- Once the package installation has finished, setup some support files and apt configuration.
cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free< deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free EOT
- Update Debian package database:
apt-get update
- Set up locales dpkg scripts tend to complain otherwise, note in jessie you will also need to install the dialog package as well:
apt-get install locales dialog sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
- Fix permission for sudo:
chmod u+s /usr/bin/sudo
- Fix ownership of man forlder
chown -R man /var/cache/man
- Install some useful packages inside the chroot:
apt-get install openssh-server ntpdate
- Set a root password so you can login:
passwd
- Build a basic network interface file:
vi /etc/network/interfaces
Add the following to get static ip:
allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.254 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 192.168.1.1
Or if you want dhcp
allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
Note: Your board will be accessible over SSH on IP address defined above!
- Set the hostname
echo myhost> /etc/hostname echo "127.0.0.1 myhost" >> /etc/hosts
- Enable the serial console, Debian sysvinit way
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab
This way you'll get login prompt at startup. By default you cannot login as root. To do this you should make another user, add him to the sudo group, login at startup and then login as root. To skip all this replace the line above with:
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 -a root 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab
- We are done inside the chroot, so quit the chroot shell
exit
- Tidy up the support files
sudo rm $targetdir/etc/resolv.conf sudo rm $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
Installing X
You cannot run X as root(actually it's possible, but it's bad practice), so you have to add new user to run X.
- Edit default useradd settings
vi /etc/default/useradd
Modify SHELL variable:
SHELL=/bin/bash
- Add new user
useradd myuser
- Add the user to the sudo group
adduser myuser sudo
- Make home folder
mkdir /home/myuser chown -R myuser:myuser /home/myuser
- Install xfce4 and lightdm
apt-get update apt-get install lightdm xfce4
- Modify lightdm configuration to enable autologin:
vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf autologin-user=myuser autologin-user-timeout=0
Make sure that the right lines are uncommented. If you don't want autologin just skip the step above.
- Reboot the system
reboot
After the system loads, you should see the default desktop of xfce4.
Ubuntu
You can download prebuild rootfs from linaro site or you can build it yourself.
Prebuild linaro images
You can download prebuild images from https://releases.linaro.org/. In most cases the builds are separated in:
- nano
- developer
- server
- alip
You can read additional information from here.
In this tutorial we will build Ubuntu 14.10 ALIP rootfs.
- Make empty image file:
dd if=/dev/zero of=linaro_alip_rootfs.img bs=1M count=1024
- Format the new image file:
mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot linaro_alip_rootfs.img
- Create mount point:
mkdir mnt mount -o loop linaro_alip_rootfs.img ./mnt
- Download prebuild image:
wget https://releases.linaro.org/14.10/ubuntu/trusty-images/alip/linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz
- Make sure that the archive is downloaded:
md5sum linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz
- Extract is into the mounted image file:
tar -zxvf linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz mv binary/* ./mnt
- Copy any modules that are generated with the kernel:
cp -rvf /path/to/modules/lib/modules ./mnt/lib/
- Chroot into the new rootfs:
cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./mnt/usr/bin cp /etc/resolv.conf ./mnt/etc chroot ./mnt
- Update repository
apt-get update
Note! If you have a problem with the update, try changing sources.list to:
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe restricted multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security main universe restricted multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main universe restricted multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
- Install some useful packages:
apt-get install ssh nano wpasupplicant wireless-tools
- Set root password:
passwd
Linaro prebuild images comes with default use linaro.
- Set password for user:
passwd linaro
- Add linaro to sudo group:
adduser linaro sudo
- Configure network. Create new file for loopback, wlan and eth device:
vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/lo
Inside paste:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback
Do the same for eth:
vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth
If you're using dhcp:
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
Or for static ip:
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address <your.ip.here> netmask <your.netmask.here> gateway <your.gateway.here>
And another for wireless devices:
vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan auto wlan0 iface lo inet dhcp wpa-ssid <your.router.ssid> wpa-pak <your.ssid.password>
Note! All connections are auto. If you don't want to use them all the time remove auto line.
You can do some additional work before exit. When you are ready to exit from the target filesystem:
exit
Your rootfs is ready. The next step is to create image for nand or sdcard.
Manual build using debootstrap
The procedure is almost identical to the one used for the Debin image.
- First of all you need to install the support packages on your pc
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support ubuntu-archive-keyring
- We will build latest trusty Ubuntu image:
targetdir=ubuntu distro=trusty
- Now we will build first stage of Ubuntu rootfs:
mkdir $targetdir sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg --foreign $distro $targetdir
- Login into the new filesystem
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/ sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc sudo chroot $targetdir
- Inside the chroot we need to set up the environment again
distro=trusty export LANG=C
- Now we are setup the second stage of debootstrap needs to run install the packages downloaded earlier
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
- Configure apt-sources:
cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list ###### Ubuntu Main Repos deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro main restricted universe multiverse ###### Ubuntu Update Repos deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-updates main restricted universe multiverse EOT
- Update Ubuntu package database:
apt-get update
- Set a root password so you can login
passwd
- Set the hostname
echo myhost> /etc/hostname echo "127.0.0.1 myhost" >> /etc/hosts
- Build a basic network interface file so that the board will DHCP on eth0
echo <<EOT >> /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp EOT
- Enable the serial console, Debian sysvinit way
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab
This way you'll get login prompt at startup. By default you cannot login as root. To do this you should make another user, add him to the sudo group, login at startup and then login as root. To skip all this replace the line above with:
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 -a root 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab
- We are done inside the chroot, so quit the chroot shell
exit
- Tidy up the support files
sudo rm $targetdir/etc/resolv.conf sudo rm $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
Booting from NAND
- Get rk-tools
git clone https://github.com/rk3066/rk-tools.git cd rk-tools make
- Get rkutils
https://github.com/naobsd/rkutils cd rkutils make
If you're getting error try comment '#include <err.h>' in 'rkcrc.c'
You will need the following files:
- bootloader --> This is RockChip RK3188Loader
- parameter --> Parameter file with crc encryption
- boot --> Kernel with ramdisk compiled as shown here
- linux --> Rootfs image file
- Copy all files in 'rk-tools' folder
- Edit 'package-file'. It should be:
#nano package-file # NAME Relative path # #HWDEF HWDEF package-file package-file bootloader RK3188Loader parameter parameter boot boot.img linuxroot rootfs.img backup RESERVED update-script update-script recover-script recover-script
- Pack the image
./afptool -pack . update_tmp.img
- Make update image
./img_maker -rk31 RK3188Loader 1 0 0 update_tmp.img update.img
The image should be ready. What's left is flashing the image.
Booting from SD-card
You'll need at least 512MB sd-card. Depending on rootfs needed size can grow to 4GB.
- Obtain all files:
- sdboot_rk3188.img ---> RK3188 bootloader
- parameter_linux_sd ---> Parameter file, describing console and partitions
- boot.img ---> Kernel with ramdisk
- rootfs.img ---> Image of rootfs
Insert sd-card. Lets say that your device is /dev/sdc.
- Write Rockchip loader:
dd if=sdboot_rk3188.img of=/dev/sdc conv=sync,fsync
- Write parameter file:
Get needed tools:
git clone https://github.com/naobsd/rkutils.git cd rkutils gcc rkcrc.c -o rkcrc
Using this tool make parameter.img
rkcrc -p parameter_linux_sd parameter.img
You can modify
dd if=sdboot_rk3188.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc dd if=parameter.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000)) dd if=boot-linux.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000+0x2000)) dd if=rootfs.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000+0xA000))
Next, as you expect the rootfs to be the first partition of the disk (cf. parameter root=/dev/mmcblk0p1), then you must create this partition. You can use fdisk for that purpose.
$ fdisk sd.img
Command (m for help):
Type n to create a new partition.
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Press enter to use the default type (primary).
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Just press enter again (the default is partition 1).
First sector (2048-..., default 2048):
For the first sector, you have to calculate the offset of the rootfs.
On the SD image, it's located at address 0x2000 + 0xA000 = 0xC000.
That's 49152 in decimal. So, just type 49152 and press enter.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (49152-..., default ...):
For the last sector, just press enter to use the default value.
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size ... MiB.
Finally, type w to write the partition on the disk image.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
dd if=loader.img of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync
dd if=parameter of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync seek=$((0x2000))
dd if=boot.img of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync seek=$((0x2000+0x2000))
Calibrate touchscreen
If you want to use LCD panel with touchscreen a calibration should be done.
Calibrate using tslib
- Install required packages:
apt-get update apt-get install xorg-dev xserver-xorg-dev x11proto-core-dev git automake make libtool
- Download tslib:
git clone https://github.com/kergoth/tslib.git cd tslib
- Download patch:
cd plugin wget https://dl.dropbox.com/u/40057/patches/input-raw.c cd ../
- Compile the library:
autoreconf -vi ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install ldconfig
- Modify tslib configuration
vi /usr/etc/ts.conf
Uncomment the following line:
module_raw input
- Export tslib needed variables:
export TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=raw export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0 export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event0 export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/usr/etc/pointercal export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/usr/etc/ts.conf export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/usr/lib/ts
- Now tslib is working but still it should be set as default driver in the X:
wget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/x/xf86-input-tslib/xf86-input-tslib_0.0.6.orig.tar.gz tar zxfv xf86-input-tslib_0.0.6.orig.tar.gz cd xf86-input-tslib-0.0.6/
Replace tslib.c file with patched one:
cd src/ rm -f tslib.c wget https://dl.dropbox.com/u/40057/patches/tslib.c cd ..
Build and install package:
./configure --prefix=/usr make make install
- Add tslib configuration:
cd /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/
Make new file:
nano 20-touchscreen.conf
Add the following text inside:
Section "InputClass" Identifier "AR1020" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event0" Driver "tslib" Option "Device" "/dev/input/event0" Option "ScreenNumber" "0" Option "Rotate" "NONE" Option "Width" "800" Option "Height" "480" Option "SendCoreEvents" "yes" Option "Type" "touchscreen" EndSection
Note! Resolution in this example is set for 7 inch LCD.
- Do the actual calibration:
service lightdm stop ts_calibrate service lightdm start
After lightdm start you could check if everything is running smoothly.
- Save tslib variables:
vi /etc/environment
Paste the following:
TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=raw TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0 TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event0 TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal TSLIB_CONFFILE=/usr/etc/ts.conf TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/usr/lib/ts
If you change the LCD panel run ts_calibrate to configure touchscreen for the new LCD.
Calibrate using AR1021 driver
Wireless
RTL8188CUS
To connect OLinuXino board with wireless, you could use MOD-WIFI-RTL8188 dongle. Also you can use another one with the same chip.
MOD-WIFI-RTL8188 has the following features:
- Has WM-294 module with RTL8188
- Operates in 2.4 GHz frequency bands
- 1x1 MIMO technology improves effective throughput and range over existing 802.11 b/g products
- Data rates: up to 150Mbps
- 802.11e-compatible bursting and I standards BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM modulation schemes WEP, TKIP, and AES, WPA, WPA2 hardware encryption schemes
- Standard USB type A connector
- On-board antenna
- 5V/3.3V operation modes via SMD jumper
- 4 test pads for easy tracking the supply, d-, d+, and GND
- PCB: FR-4, 1.00 mm (0,039"), solder mask, silkscreen component print
- Dimensions: 65.15x20.38 mm (2.56x0.80")
The kernel module is prebuild. You should just get it loaded and then plug the dongle.
- Load the module:
modprobe 8192cu
- Plug the device and check if it is available:
ifconfig -a
RT5370
To use one this wifi dongle (like MOD-WIFI-R5370 or MOD-WIFI-R5370-ANT) additional files are required. You can skip this procedure if you're using Olimex prebuild image.
- Make new directory
mkdir -p /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA cd /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/
This is the directory where the module will search for files.
- Download the files from Github
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SelfDestroyer/RK3188-SOM/olimex/stable-3.0/drivers/net/wireless/rtxx7x/RT2870STA.dat wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SelfDestroyer/RK3188-SOM/olimex/stable-3.0/drivers/net/wireless/rtxx7x/RT2870STACard.dat
- Load module
modprobe rt5370sta
- Plug the device and run:
ifconfig -a
You should see this:
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- Configure your new device:
vi /etc/network/interfaces
Add configuration. Here we will show DHCP configuration.
iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid "your ssid" wpa-psk "your password"
- Save the configuration and up the interface:
ifup wlan0
- If everything is working and this module to be loaded on boot:
echo rt5370sta >> /etc/modules