RK3188-SOM

Overview

This one is little beast comparing to A20 it have 4x Cortex-A9 vs 2x Cortex-A7 and runs on 1.6GHz vs. 1GHz so RK3188 makes total 16000 DMPIS vs. 3800 DMIPS for A20 (4.2 times faster) and vs. 965 DMIPS for RaspberryPi (16.6 times faster).

On the SOM there is:

• RK3188 running at 1.6Ghz
• 1GB DDR3 memory
• Power Managment Unit IC
• Optional 4GB NAND Flash
• Micro SD-card to boot Llinux or Android
• Three buttons
• Four status LEDs (one for power and three programmable)
• Debug UART console
• Five GPIO connectors 2×20 pins 0.05″ step

Linux

Booting from NAND

• Get rk-tools

git clone https://github.com/rk3066/rk-tools.git
cd rk-tools
make

• Pack the images

./afptool -pack . update_tmp.img

• Make update image

./img_maker -rk31 RK3188Loader 1 0 0 update_tmp.img update.img

Booting from SD-card

Preparing the SD-card

rkcrc -p parameter_linux_sd parameter.img

dd if=sdboot_rk3188.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc dd if=parameter.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000)) dd if=boot-linux.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000+0x2000)) dd if=rootfs.img of=sd.img conv=notrunc seek=$((0x2000+0xA000))

Next, as you expect the rootfs to be the first partition of the disk (cf. parameter root=/dev/mmcblk0p1), then you must create this partition. You can use fdisk for that purpose. $ fdisk sd.img

Command (m for help):

Type n to create a new partition. Partition type

  p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
  e   extended (container for logical partitions)

Select (default p):

Press enter to use the default type (primary). Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Just press enter again (the default is partition 1). First sector (2048-..., default 2048):

For the first sector, you have to calculate the offset of the rootfs. On the SD image, it's located at address 0x2000 + 0xA000 = 0xC000. That's 49152 in decimal. So, just type 49152 and press enter. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (49152-..., default ...):

For the last sector, just press enter to use the default value. Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size ... MiB.

Finally, type w to write the partition on the disk image. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Syncing disks.

Writing Rockchip loader

dd if=loader.img of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync
dd if=parameter of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync seek=$((0x2000))
dd if=boot.img of=/dev/sde conv=sync,fsync seek=$((0x2000+0x2000))

Building kernel

./mkbootimg --kernel RK3188-SOM/arch/arm/boot/Image --ramdisk initrd.img -o boot.img

Creating root filesystem

Debian Wheezy

---

In this post we will explain how you can create your own Debian rootfs with pre-installed packages of your choice, which to allow tiny Linux images to be created. All steps below should work on any Debian host (Debian/Ubuntu etc) and are verified with Ubuntu 12.04LTS. First of all you need to install the support packages on your pc:

• Install needed packages:

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support

• Define some variables:

targetdir=rootfs
distro=wheezy

• Build first stage:

mkdir $targetdir
sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir

• Copy needed files from host to the target:

sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc

If everything is right we now have a minimal Debian Rootfs.

• Login into the new filesystem:

sudo chroot $targetdir 

• Inside the chroot we need to set up the environment again

distro=wheezy
export LANG=C 

• Now we are setup the second stage of debootstrap needs to run install the packages downloaded earlier

/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage

• Once the package installation has finished, setup some support files and apt configuration.

cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free
EOT 

• Update Debian package database:

apt-get update 

• set up locales dpkg scripts tend to complain otherwise, note in jessie you will also need to install the dialog package as well.

apt-get install locales dialog sudo
dpkg-reconfigure locales
chmod u+s /usr/bin/sudo 

• Install some useful packages inside the chroot

apt-get install openssh-server ntpdate 

• Set a root password so you can login

passwd 

• Build a basic network interface file so that the board will DHCP on eth0

echo <<EOT >> /etc/network/interfaces
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.254
    netmask 255.255.255.248
    gateway 192.168.1.1
EOT 

Note: Your board will be accessible over SSH on IP address defined above!

• Set the hostname

echo myhost> /etc/hostname
echo "127.0.0.1       myhost" >> /etc/hosts

• Enable the serial console, Debian sysvinit way

echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab

This way you'll get login prompt at startup. By default you cannot login as root. To do this you should make another user, add him to the sudo group, login at startup and then login as root. To skip all this replace the line above with:

echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 -a root 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab 

• We are done inside the chroot, so quit the chroot shell

exit

• Tidy up the support files

sudo rm $targetdir/etc/resolv.conf
sudo rm $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static

Installing X

---

You cannot run X as root(actually it's possible, but it's bad practice), so you have to add new user to run X.

• Edit default useradd settings

vi /etc/default/useradd

Modify SHELL variable:

SHELL=/bin/bash

• Add new user

useradd myuser

• Add the user to the sudo group

adduser myuser sudo

• Make home folder

mkdir /home/myuser
chown -R myuser:myuser /home/myuser

• Install xfce4 and lightdm

apt-get update
apt-get install lightdm xfce4

• Modify lightdm configuration to enable autologin:

vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
autologin-user=myuser
autologin-user-timeout=0

Make sure that the right lines are uncommented. If you don't want autologin just skip the step above.

• Reboot the system

reboot

After the system loads, you should see the default desktop of xfce4.

Ubuntu

---

You can download prebuild rootfs from linaro site or you can build it yourself.

Prebuild linaro images

---

You can download prebuild images from https://releases.linaro.org/. In most cases the builds are separated in:

• nano
• developer
• server
• alip

You can read additional information from here.

In this tutorial we will build Ubuntu 14.10 ALIP rootfs.

• Make empty image file:

dd if=/dev/zero of=linaro_alip_rootfs.img bs=1M count=1024

• Format the new image file:

mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot linaro_alip_rootfs.img

• Create mount point:

mkdir mnt
mount -o loop linaro_alip_rootfs.img ./mnt

• Download prebuild image:

wget https://releases.linaro.org/14.10/ubuntu/trusty-images/alip/linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz

• Make sure that the archive is downloaded:

md5sum linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz

• Extract is into the mounted image file:

tar -zxvf linaro-trusty-alip-20141024-684.tar.gz
mv binary/* ./mnt

• Copy any modules that are generated with the kernel:

cp -rvf /path/to/modules/lib/modules ./mnt/lib/

• Chroot into the new rootfs:

cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./mnt/usr/bin
cp /etc/resolv.conf ./mnt/etc

Manual build using debootstrap

---

The procedure is almost identical to the one used for the Debin image.

• First of all you need to install the support packages on your pc

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support ubuntu-archive-keyring

• We will build latest trusty Ubuntu image:

targetdir=ubuntu
distro=trusty

• Now we will build first stage of Ubuntu rootfs:

mkdir $targetdir
sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg --foreign $distro $targetdir 

• Login into the new filesystem

sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
sudo chroot $targetdir

• Inside the chroot we need to set up the environment again

distro=trusty
export LANG=C

• Now we are setup the second stage of debootstrap needs to run install the packages downloaded earlier

/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage

• Configure apt-sources:

cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro main restricted universe multiverse 
###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ $distro-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
EOT

• Update Ubuntu package database:

apt-get update

• Set a root password so you can login

passwd

• Set the hostname

echo myhost> /etc/hostname
echo "127.0.0.1       myhost" >> /etc/hosts

• Build a basic network interface file so that the board will DHCP on eth0

echo <<EOT >> /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
EOT

• Enable the serial console, Debian sysvinit way

echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab

This way you'll get login prompt at startup. By default you cannot login as root. To do this you should make another user, add him to the sudo group, login at startup and then login as root. To skip all this replace the line above with:

echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyFIQ0 -a root 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab

• We are done inside the chroot, so quit the chroot shell

exit

• Tidy up the support files

sudo rm $targetdir/etc/resolv.conf
sudo rm $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static

Installing X

---

You cannot run X as root(actually it's possible, but it's bad practice), so you have to add new user to run X.

Calibrate touchscreen

If you want to use LCD panel with touchscreen a calibration should be done.

Calibrate using tslib

---

• Install required packages:

apt-get update
apt-get install xorg-dev xserver-xorg-dev x11proto-core-dev git automake make libtool
apt-get install libts-0.0-0 libts-bin libts-dev tsconf

• Download tslib:

git clone https://github.com/kergoth/tslib.git
cd tslib

• Compile the library:

autoreconf -vi
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install

• Run

ldconfig

• Modify tslib configuration

vi /usr/etc/ts.conf

Uncomment the following line:

module_raw input

Before the actual calibration invert the Y axis of the touchscreen. This can be done with:

echo 1 > /sys/kernel/ar1020/invertY

To do this every time on boot add the previous line in /etc/rc.local:

vi /etc/rc.local

The line should be inserted above exit 0 or otherwise it won't be executed:

.....
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/ar1020/invertY
.....
exit 0

• Export tslib needed variables:

export TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=raw
export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none
export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0
export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1
export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/usr/etc/pointercal
export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/usr/etc/ts.conf
export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/usr/lib/ts

• Do the actual calibration:

service lightdm stop
ts_calibrate
service lightdm start

After lightdm start you could check if everything is running smoothly.

• Save tslib variables:

vi /etc/environment

Paste the following:

TSLIB_TSEVENTTYPE=raw
TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none
TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0
TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1
TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal
TSLIB_CONFFILE=/usr/etc/ts.conf
TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/usr/lib/ts

If you change the LCD panel run ts_calibrate to configure touchscreen for the new LCD.

---

Wireless

RTL8188CUS

---

MOD-WIFI-RTL8188

To connect OLinuXino board with wireless, you could use MOD-WIFI-RTL8188 dongle. Also you can use another one with the same chip.

MOD-WIFI-RTL8188 has the following features:

• Has WM-294 module with RTL8188
• Operates in 2.4 GHz frequency bands
• 1x1 MIMO technology improves effective throughput and range over existing 802.11 b/g products
• Data rates: up to 150Mbps
• 802.11e-compatible bursting and I standards BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM modulation schemes WEP, TKIP, and AES, WPA, WPA2 hardware encryption schemes
• Standard USB type A connector
• On-board antenna
• 5V/3.3V operation modes via SMD jumper
• 4 test pads for easy tracking the supply, d-, d+, and GND
• PCB: FR-4, 1.00 mm (0,039"), solder mask, silkscreen component print
• Dimensions: 65.15x20.38 mm (2.56x0.80")

---

The kernel module is prebuild. You should just get it loaded and then plug the dongle.

• Load the module:

modprobe 8192cu

• Plug the device and check if it is available:

ifconfig -a

RT5370

---

MOD-WIFI-R5370-ANT

To use one this wifi dongle (like MOD-WIFI-R5370 or MOD-WIFI-R5370-ANT) additional files are required. You can skip this procedure if you're using Olimex prebuild image.

• Make new directory

mkdir -p /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA
cd /etc/Wireless/RT2870STA/

This is the directory where the module will search for files.

• Download the files from Github

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SelfDestroyer/RK3188-SOM/olimex/stable-3.0/drivers/net/wireless/rtxx7x/RT2870STA.dat
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SelfDestroyer/RK3188-SOM/olimex/stable-3.0/drivers/net/wireless/rtxx7x/RT2870STACard.dat

• Load module

modprobe rt5370sta

• Plug the device and run:

ifconfig -a

You should see this:

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00
          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

• Configure your new device:

vi /etc/network/interfaces

Add configuration. Here we will show DHCP configuration.

iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid "your ssid"
wpa-psk "your password"

• Save the configuration and up the interface:

ifup wlan0

• If everything is working and this module to be loaded on boot:

echo rt5370sta >> /etc/modules